Spa is the area / health center or treatment Jacuzzi treatments. These sites are built near the springs, so customers can benefit from mineral water. . Health sites are also called fashionable spa. . In some cases the treatments are done using a hot Jacuzzi. . Water Jacuzzi to allow spins to calm both the mind and body. Jacuzzi that easily can be adapted in such .. have provided a location in the garden or balcony. Systems. Portable spa systems, good for people suffering from arthritis. . Are effective soothing tired muscles and aching bones. Healthy people can use the spa just to relax in after a tiring day at work.
. Most of the spa pools of these facts about electricity. The cost of using them depends on the weather conditions of the country where he is, the size of the bathroom and mechanical systems built for circulation of the water, there are also other reasons to change the cost of electricity. Should always take into account the cost of power pools and spas when you purchase.
. At the spa pools filtration purification system installed. This ensures that the water in The Jacuzzi wires at any given time. Easy to clean by hand and sometimes the manufacturers of these systems offer a cleaning service for the customer. Cleaning and purification process automatically guaranteed for the entire day at the spa pools available on the market.
. There is not much difference between SPA pools and hot tubs. ,. Hot tub made of mostly wood, and spa systems contributed to a plastic material used. . There are instructions to manually move these systems or changing the location in space. Most purchasers of portable spa pools choose to place them outside so they can enjoy their private garden, nature and atmosphere of the place while they relax in the open waters The Jacuzzi, but it certainly is possible to place the third Jacuzzi inside the house.
Wednesday, April 7, 2010
7 solutions to prevent global warming: sulfur spray
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National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
"Climate change should be countered by climate change" geo-engineering is proposed. The effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Tame込Ma, The idea is to reduce human operations. One of those ideas, "an artificial volcano," there. Sulfur is sprayed into the upper atmosphere of the volcanic ash component, "global shade" as it used. Image as above, then they bounce back into space the sun's heat and light particles of sulfur.
America , being held in Pacific Grove, California, "International Conference Ashiroma technical interventions climate (Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies)" at the first meeting is being considered in detail emergency variety, beginning with volcanoes artificial that. The conference will draw up plans to set guidelines for any of the world's first geo-engineering the ethical standards of conduct, most of the "idea" not out of range.
Y America, Washington, DC public policy research in Amelia Rikanentapuraizu Institute (AEI) project co-director Samuel Sansutoromu Earth Engineering (Samuel Thernstrom), said, "Climate change is a challenge, is unlikely to be resolved overnight," he said.
But "to control global warming" he said. "Climate change, including intentional professionals should seriously consider all options. From the beginning instead of ignoring it absurd, it is necessary to listen to geo-engineering discussion," he said claimed.
7 solutions to prevent global warming: Carbon Bio
Tell a friend
National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
Burnt charcoal fragments Kogeta (USA, West Virginia taken in 2008.) This was used by natives of the Amazon, "Bio-coal", but experts could be a warming is found valid.
Charcoal and bio is porous soil conditioner made from nutrient-rich agricultural waste such as burning of crops scum. International Bio Coal Initiative (IBI) according to the report, and fill with soil that can contain hundreds of thousands of years, since the carbon in the ground. However, because the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by harvesting and dead trees that remain, there is a limit to the power of carbon fixation.
Amelia Public Policy Research Rikanentapuraizu Institute (AEI) Sensutomu Mr. Samuel, the bio-coal is worthy of research attention. The United States in Washington DC in the environmental NGO, Climate Research (Climate Institute) by Michael McCracken agrees that the solution to kill two birds with one stone and evaluated to help improve the soil.
7 solutions to prevent global warming: create a cloud ship
Tell a friend
National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
Floating in the sea but dressed like leaping toys side by side, which is expected to attract as a solution to global warming "cloud ship" it. The geo-engineering initiatives, "momentum" has the potential to turn.
This wind-powered vessel, the fine mist spray and sea salt to the water uptake. Then how come that the sea of clouds. Its density is higher than for the color white clouds in the sky, push back into space by reflecting more solar energy.
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) in charge of Mr. Samuel Sansutoromu geo-engineering projects in this talk. "If we expand about 1,500 vessels, cooling will be effective immediately. In geo-engineering approach is feasible in a relatively inexpensive cost. At the stage of considering the actual effect is not serious investigation I deserve. "
Gamma exposure risk to aircraft?
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
March 8, 2010
Airplane in a thunderstorm approaches, the high-level radiation harmful "rays Earth (TGF)" and the results were announced at risk for exposure to.
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Energy gamma rays with the best in the different waves, and phenomena in space such as violent supernova explosion, the source and object with a mass of neutron stars, such as extraordinary.
Ten years ago has been confirmed to be discharging storm originated on Earth, is thought to occur simultaneously with lightning. Gamma rays that cause thunderstorms usually occur about 15 km altitude is about equal to the altitude of the aircraft.
Gamma radiation dose of the earth, once exposed chest X revealed in this study is comparable to that line about 400 times. For those who frequently use the aircraft is very dangerous level. In theory, the ionization effect of human gamma alter DNA structure, cancer (cancer) risk is to induce.
"The gamma-ray Earth but are largely unknown. For example, uncertain even about the possibility of approaching the source of gamma rays in the range thunderstorms passenger is not," the co-author of the study by space scientists Florida Institute of Technology Mr. Joseph Dwyer said. "I think the possibility of exposure is actually quite low. Are willing to put their children on a plane."
Stanford University in California, Brandt Carlson TGF experts for the study is not participating to a third party point of view as follows. "Actually, the risk is higher than driving a car. Compared to many other factors that are expected during the flight, the risk is very low. The most dangerous airport until you reach the first place."
The planet was discovered gamma-1990s was that chance, too. Astronomy satellite gamma ray sources with the aim of space research, which began unexpectedly detected radiation from the earth.
Cosmic gamma ray bursts lasting a few seconds but, flashes of gamma rays between about 1 millisecond Earth 2 (1000 / 1 1000 / 2 sec) last only. The preceding Mr. Dwyer explained as follows. "From the length of time know as soon as the rays from the earth rather than space. If it was, gamma-ray bursts are the lights of the universe. Someone Turn it off again from the image a bit after. On the other hand, Earth-ray is like a strobe emits very bright light momentarily. "
Risk of exposure to gamma rays that the Earth is what a plane's how. At present one does not know the exact position of the source and scope within the thunderstorm can not say definite.
"If you have a wide range of sources, the amount of gamma radiation have been spread so much. But if a small amount will increase the amount of radiation exposure and focus," he explains Dwyer.
Also, if the upward emitted gamma rays from the earth near the top of the thundercloud, the damage to the plane's passing under the cloud should appear.
However, as was confirmed by the threat of further studies go global gamma rays, means little to prevent a passenger from exposure. "Ray has high penetrating power, it is necessary to cut off the lead aircraft in heavy cover, making it possible weight problems is impossible," Mr. Dwyer said.
On the other hand, gamma rays are considered the Earth produced by the most violent area of thunderstorms, it is intended to avoid the former airline pilot. "The risk of thunderstorms knew before. Just one more reason to avoid," said Dwyer added.
Detection of water from the Apollo moon rocks
John Roach
for National Geographic News
March 10, 2010
In October 2009, NASA has been hitting the moon rocket, spacecraft and analyzed by the wavelength of the light pattern of the moon. All of these studies was to confirm the existence of water on the moon's rocky. However, there is irrefutable evidence that the moon had water dead ahead of us already. Was announced on 2 March 2010 that the rock contains traces of water in the month the famous Apollo astronauts returned to Earth.
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Amount of water was detected in volcanic glass from moon rocks brought back only a few thousand at most Apollo ppm, the analysis made from the late 1960s and early 1970s to the conclusion of a month without water They might have led.
Gary Lofgren said in a control sample of the month at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, "The controversy over the accuracy of analysis instruments in enough water so it traces the past 10 years," he said. He is not participating in this study are worthy of further research to deepen "solid research" to evaluate it.
The first pointed out the possibility that the presence of water sample taken from the moon, in 2008 "Nature" article was published in the magazine. This paper has been detected in the water molecules from lunar volcanic glasses brought back by Apollo. However, it was poorly managed by the sample and the earth could not dispel the suspicion of contamination on water molecules.
One way to determine where the water came from the collection, there is a way of measuring the amount of the various isotopes of hydrogen contained in water. However, the land of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut According to global environmental scientist James Greenwood, "Nature" magazine at the time of this approach has not been developed yet.
Isotopic measurements are obviously similar fingerprinting. For example, the Earth 's mantle is water derived from different isotopic water came from comets.
"Nature" when the magazine published the study, Greenwood said Mars was the first to be developed advanced techniques to analyze the chemical structure of the meteorite. He later applied this technique to the mineral apatite samples collected from different types of moon rocks, the water molecules it contains "fingerprints" that identify.
As a result, the water in the moon rock "land And the ball is different, "having been proved. He said the results, the 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference held in Houston, Texas (Lunar and Planetary Science Conference) announced on March 2, 2010.
The research team made the announcement following a meeting of Mr. Greenwood is the month for "sea" taken in one, announced the discovery of water from the rock containing apatite. Of the Moon "sea" is a dark area that was considered by lava flowing into the ancient volcanic eruption.
By means such as a beam from the electron microprobe mineral particles, the team is able to calculate the amount of chlorine and fluorine gases contained in the sample month.
Apatite chemical formula is applied to the amount of fluorine and chlorine gas was detected, turned out to be another one more component to complete the crystal structure of minerals. The researchers concluded that the hydroxide molecules. Hydroxide is a common component of apatite, a byproduct that can be resolved when the water is.
Washington, DC Makkabin said Francis, who participated in the study at Carnegie Institute of Geology, this discovery is one of the first case was found in minerals of magmatic water from the moon, the moon a small amount of magma it will be one more evidence that the water contained in the general.
However, even followed the discovery of water, he would only find a much smaller volume than expected said. "Even though the moon has far more water than previously thought, Location Ball and Mars by orders of magnitude less compared to just be consistent in the analysis of samples of the moon 40 years. "
In the future, research will be carried out for a month or water came from? The most common theory is fire Ground objects the size of a star Is the time to look after the ball and hit the moon was born.
According to Greenwood Wesleyan University, was in the process of solidification of liquid still in the month after birth, it could be considered an impact of icy comets.
Makkabin Mr. Carnegie Institute as another possibility, Location And did not mention the theory of fat and water loss when the moon was formed by debris thrown the ball in space. In other words, primitive land of water a month That may come from a sphere.
Detected traces of water from the rock this month, he said Makkabin amounts that can be detected with the obvious assumption that the evaporation of water on the moon noted that the burning of birth. "Even the moon was burning some of the world, water from the moon to disappear completely is impossible."
Tell a friend
National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
"Climate change should be countered by climate change" geo-engineering is proposed. The effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Tame込Ma, The idea is to reduce human operations. One of those ideas, "an artificial volcano," there. Sulfur is sprayed into the upper atmosphere of the volcanic ash component, "global shade" as it used. Image as above, then they bounce back into space the sun's heat and light particles of sulfur.
America , being held in Pacific Grove, California, "International Conference Ashiroma technical interventions climate (Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies)" at the first meeting is being considered in detail emergency variety, beginning with volcanoes artificial that. The conference will draw up plans to set guidelines for any of the world's first geo-engineering the ethical standards of conduct, most of the "idea" not out of range.
Y America, Washington, DC public policy research in Amelia Rikanentapuraizu Institute (AEI) project co-director Samuel Sansutoromu Earth Engineering (Samuel Thernstrom), said, "Climate change is a challenge, is unlikely to be resolved overnight," he said.
But "to control global warming" he said. "Climate change, including intentional professionals should seriously consider all options. From the beginning instead of ignoring it absurd, it is necessary to listen to geo-engineering discussion," he said claimed.
7 solutions to prevent global warming: Carbon Bio
Tell a friend
National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
Burnt charcoal fragments Kogeta (USA, West Virginia taken in 2008.) This was used by natives of the Amazon, "Bio-coal", but experts could be a warming is found valid.
Charcoal and bio is porous soil conditioner made from nutrient-rich agricultural waste such as burning of crops scum. International Bio Coal Initiative (IBI) according to the report, and fill with soil that can contain hundreds of thousands of years, since the carbon in the ground. However, because the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by harvesting and dead trees that remain, there is a limit to the power of carbon fixation.
Amelia Public Policy Research Rikanentapuraizu Institute (AEI) Sensutomu Mr. Samuel, the bio-coal is worthy of research attention. The United States in Washington DC in the environmental NGO, Climate Research (Climate Institute) by Michael McCracken agrees that the solution to kill two birds with one stone and evaluated to help improve the soil.
7 solutions to prevent global warming: create a cloud ship
Tell a friend
National Geographic News
March 25, 2010
Floating in the sea but dressed like leaping toys side by side, which is expected to attract as a solution to global warming "cloud ship" it. The geo-engineering initiatives, "momentum" has the potential to turn.
This wind-powered vessel, the fine mist spray and sea salt to the water uptake. Then how come that the sea of clouds. Its density is higher than for the color white clouds in the sky, push back into space by reflecting more solar energy.
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) in charge of Mr. Samuel Sansutoromu geo-engineering projects in this talk. "If we expand about 1,500 vessels, cooling will be effective immediately. In geo-engineering approach is feasible in a relatively inexpensive cost. At the stage of considering the actual effect is not serious investigation I deserve. "
Gamma exposure risk to aircraft?
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
March 8, 2010
Airplane in a thunderstorm approaches, the high-level radiation harmful "rays Earth (TGF)" and the results were announced at risk for exposure to.
Enlarge photo
Printer Friendly
Tell a friend
Energy gamma rays with the best in the different waves, and phenomena in space such as violent supernova explosion, the source and object with a mass of neutron stars, such as extraordinary.
Ten years ago has been confirmed to be discharging storm originated on Earth, is thought to occur simultaneously with lightning. Gamma rays that cause thunderstorms usually occur about 15 km altitude is about equal to the altitude of the aircraft.
Gamma radiation dose of the earth, once exposed chest X revealed in this study is comparable to that line about 400 times. For those who frequently use the aircraft is very dangerous level. In theory, the ionization effect of human gamma alter DNA structure, cancer (cancer) risk is to induce.
"The gamma-ray Earth but are largely unknown. For example, uncertain even about the possibility of approaching the source of gamma rays in the range thunderstorms passenger is not," the co-author of the study by space scientists Florida Institute of Technology Mr. Joseph Dwyer said. "I think the possibility of exposure is actually quite low. Are willing to put their children on a plane."
Stanford University in California, Brandt Carlson TGF experts for the study is not participating to a third party point of view as follows. "Actually, the risk is higher than driving a car. Compared to many other factors that are expected during the flight, the risk is very low. The most dangerous airport until you reach the first place."
The planet was discovered gamma-1990s was that chance, too. Astronomy satellite gamma ray sources with the aim of space research, which began unexpectedly detected radiation from the earth.
Cosmic gamma ray bursts lasting a few seconds but, flashes of gamma rays between about 1 millisecond Earth 2 (1000 / 1 1000 / 2 sec) last only. The preceding Mr. Dwyer explained as follows. "From the length of time know as soon as the rays from the earth rather than space. If it was, gamma-ray bursts are the lights of the universe. Someone Turn it off again from the image a bit after. On the other hand, Earth-ray is like a strobe emits very bright light momentarily. "
Risk of exposure to gamma rays that the Earth is what a plane's how. At present one does not know the exact position of the source and scope within the thunderstorm can not say definite.
"If you have a wide range of sources, the amount of gamma radiation have been spread so much. But if a small amount will increase the amount of radiation exposure and focus," he explains Dwyer.
Also, if the upward emitted gamma rays from the earth near the top of the thundercloud, the damage to the plane's passing under the cloud should appear.
However, as was confirmed by the threat of further studies go global gamma rays, means little to prevent a passenger from exposure. "Ray has high penetrating power, it is necessary to cut off the lead aircraft in heavy cover, making it possible weight problems is impossible," Mr. Dwyer said.
On the other hand, gamma rays are considered the Earth produced by the most violent area of thunderstorms, it is intended to avoid the former airline pilot. "The risk of thunderstorms knew before. Just one more reason to avoid," said Dwyer added.
Detection of water from the Apollo moon rocks
John Roach
for National Geographic News
March 10, 2010
In October 2009, NASA has been hitting the moon rocket, spacecraft and analyzed by the wavelength of the light pattern of the moon. All of these studies was to confirm the existence of water on the moon's rocky. However, there is irrefutable evidence that the moon had water dead ahead of us already. Was announced on 2 March 2010 that the rock contains traces of water in the month the famous Apollo astronauts returned to Earth.
Enlarge photo
Printer Friendly
Tell a friend
Amount of water was detected in volcanic glass from moon rocks brought back only a few thousand at most Apollo ppm, the analysis made from the late 1960s and early 1970s to the conclusion of a month without water They might have led.
Gary Lofgren said in a control sample of the month at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, "The controversy over the accuracy of analysis instruments in enough water so it traces the past 10 years," he said. He is not participating in this study are worthy of further research to deepen "solid research" to evaluate it.
The first pointed out the possibility that the presence of water sample taken from the moon, in 2008 "Nature" article was published in the magazine. This paper has been detected in the water molecules from lunar volcanic glasses brought back by Apollo. However, it was poorly managed by the sample and the earth could not dispel the suspicion of contamination on water molecules.
One way to determine where the water came from the collection, there is a way of measuring the amount of the various isotopes of hydrogen contained in water. However, the land of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut According to global environmental scientist James Greenwood, "Nature" magazine at the time of this approach has not been developed yet.
Isotopic measurements are obviously similar fingerprinting. For example, the Earth 's mantle is water derived from different isotopic water came from comets.
"Nature" when the magazine published the study, Greenwood said Mars was the first to be developed advanced techniques to analyze the chemical structure of the meteorite. He later applied this technique to the mineral apatite samples collected from different types of moon rocks, the water molecules it contains "fingerprints" that identify.
As a result, the water in the moon rock "land And the ball is different, "having been proved. He said the results, the 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference held in Houston, Texas (Lunar and Planetary Science Conference) announced on March 2, 2010.
The research team made the announcement following a meeting of Mr. Greenwood is the month for "sea" taken in one, announced the discovery of water from the rock containing apatite. Of the Moon "sea" is a dark area that was considered by lava flowing into the ancient volcanic eruption.
By means such as a beam from the electron microprobe mineral particles, the team is able to calculate the amount of chlorine and fluorine gases contained in the sample month.
Apatite chemical formula is applied to the amount of fluorine and chlorine gas was detected, turned out to be another one more component to complete the crystal structure of minerals. The researchers concluded that the hydroxide molecules. Hydroxide is a common component of apatite, a byproduct that can be resolved when the water is.
Washington, DC Makkabin said Francis, who participated in the study at Carnegie Institute of Geology, this discovery is one of the first case was found in minerals of magmatic water from the moon, the moon a small amount of magma it will be one more evidence that the water contained in the general.
However, even followed the discovery of water, he would only find a much smaller volume than expected said. "Even though the moon has far more water than previously thought, Location Ball and Mars by orders of magnitude less compared to just be consistent in the analysis of samples of the moon 40 years. "
In the future, research will be carried out for a month or water came from? The most common theory is fire Ground objects the size of a star Is the time to look after the ball and hit the moon was born.
According to Greenwood Wesleyan University, was in the process of solidification of liquid still in the month after birth, it could be considered an impact of icy comets.
Makkabin Mr. Carnegie Institute as another possibility, Location And did not mention the theory of fat and water loss when the moon was formed by debris thrown the ball in space. In other words, primitive land of water a month That may come from a sphere.
Detected traces of water from the rock this month, he said Makkabin amounts that can be detected with the obvious assumption that the evaporation of water on the moon noted that the burning of birth. "Even the moon was burning some of the world, water from the moon to disappear completely is impossible."
Earth, or entered a new geological era
"Quicken the flow of time as we get older," said the well could be born in the same sense the earth 270 million years ago 45. From another, the latest findings were presented to several million years earlier has entered the next geological age.
Earth's geological history and fossil organisms to separate remaining in the rock layers, the scale is usually measured in more than 300 million years. Current "Holocene," which defines the beginning of 11,500 years ago, might have just begun normally. But this new study was announced, the earth is already "anthropocentric era (Antoroposen)" argues that entered.
Antoroposen term is new and has not already in use in 2002. He coined by Nobel Prize laureate Paul J. Crutzen of the study co-author, sums are unprecedented changes to human-caused after the industrial revolution 200 years.
Supporting the consolidation of material and age categories Antoroposen, however, is not only the most recent research report.
"Environmental pollution and habitat destruction and extinction of animals and plants in recent years, human impact has had on the earth has immense. The rock layers of the earth, will be perceived as a clear geological boundary it, "Crutzen and his colleagues argued.
British study co-author Jean Zarashiuittsu paleontologist at the University of Leicester net (Jan Zalasiewicz) said, "makes them human energy use and environmental manipulation, which has great influence on surface geological processes now, "he said.
Even though it is true, however, that international organizations Antoroposen geology, "International Union of Geological Sciences," an official certification to get, after a few years earlier, seems to be as late as decades.
To be an official evaluation and geological Antoroposen, first and Holocene boundary layer carved rock (marker) to identify, must be defined clearly.
Britain 's Leeds University paleoclimate scientist Alan Haywood in this study is not to participate, explain the following third-party position. "The future geologists saw much sediment record, whether it is important to recognize the beginning of the era Antoroposen. The world does not exist in the precise markers must be unquestionable. This is a mouth situation will not be easy as it sounds. "
Left traces of radioactivity and nuclear tests after 1945, but could be used as a marker. "The Age of radioactive material that fell most of the world as" paying attention to the possibility that Mr. Heywood.
There is precedent for this methodology. About 6550 million years ago, the dinosaur mass extinction of plants and animals, such as the Cretaceous and Paleogene boundary layer but the presence of high concentrations of iridium, the substance is believed to spread the meteorite impact, the two currently being used as a marker to separate the epochs.
Zarashiuittsu said study co-author of the following answers are told National Geographic News. "If the fossilized creatures that stuff will be the marker for the future to discern Antoroposen and Holocene. Before and after starting the large scale consumption of fossil fuels, for example, found a difference in isotope ratios of carbon in marine plankton said. "
Also, lead particles emitted from combustion of leaded gasoline, may contribute to the definition of a new geological era lasting trace of contamination.
Incentive to promote the official recognition of the times Antoroposen seems not only a scientific curiosity.
"Environmental Science & Technology" was published in the latest issue of the journal, researchers report that advocated a new era, may contribute to stem biodiversity loss and carbon emissions. The material can be used as evidence to establish law and environmental protection.
University of Leeds, Mr. Heywood said this. "Reaching and attention to the environmental changes have official accreditation, to become a strong message for parents. However, scientific evidence suggests the beginning of a new era, used to be opportunistic politicians."
Believe that the involvement of politicians who 排Shitai Zarashiuittsu. "Geological time scale modification is the basis of what scientists have treated only the facts. Holocene is still in its infancy yet, if 心Gakene efforts to preserve the cautious."
"Bullet" sound possible tumor resection?
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
April 6, 2010
The latest release device inspired everywhere toy "bullet" sound may come a day that resection of the cancer. In addition, the device known as an acoustic lens, it is also possible to create images of internal organs close to the quality of ultrasound image clearer than the pictures.
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This equipment is "Newton's Cradle" was designed based on a toy. By Kano Yuri Newton, hanging metal balls in contact some of the same size, is released by pulling the ball very end, opposite the ball between the ball without moving according to Newton's laws of motion Toys are ejected outward at the same speed.
Oh Clare co-author of the Dalai physicist at Caltech researchers are inspired by this toy, invented the acoustic lens diameter of 0.95 chains and connected to multiple parallel-centimeter stainless steel ball. However, the new device is not to convey movement, is a tool to manipulate sound.
The sound waves hit the ball at one end of an acoustic lens, the sound changes to a type of shock called solitary waves. Solitary wave is transmitted through the chain as transmitted through the exercise ball with Newton's cradle. When you reach the last ball of the solitary wave, but because of the long chain, and not transmitted to the chain bouncing back in the opposite direction last ball goes out as sound waves from the final ball.
The point here is, is isolated from changes to the sound waves. Daraio said, that the solitary wave is easy to control.
For example, the process of static preload force of the ball chain together, you can adjust the speed of solitary waves to be emitted in a particular direction of the sound wave. "The goal is that very high intensity while the focus is on creating an acoustic lens that can adjust the position of the focus on changing the structure of the lens itself," he said Daraio.
In addition, each fine-tuned by a metal ball chain acoustic lens, the sound of bullets at one point, "Crossfire" can be. "Adding to the pressure outside the chain-chain larger than the central velocity of the solitary waves are faster than the inner chain of outer chain," said Daraio bullet barrage of sound is finally explains.
Furthermore, by changing some system parameters can also change the intensity of the sound bullets. If sound waves are fired to slow enough for the inspection of internal organs, "f" sound strong enough to remove the tumor as well as.
The acoustic lens is superior to ultrasound images as a tool for image creation. Much more narrowly on the squeezable sonic pulse focus, because it is easy to change the location. "Will enable high-resolution 3D images much sharper," and that he hopes that Daraio, this application is likely still ahead. Because experiments have not yet been acoustic lens cells and living animals.
This study "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" was released on April 5, 2010 online edition of Science.
People do not exist at the same time driving the mobile and rarely
Rachel Kaufman
for National Geographic News
April 5, 2010
And something else while driving, such as mobile phone, most people can not drive well, are already becoming evident in many studies. On the other hand, the more we work together, as I always work better than usual for bringing "superhuman" in the new study found that there are a handful of owner ability.
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According to the research, such as "Supatasuka" that there is one out at a rate of about 40. The discovery could expand to many new research on how to handle the flow of how the human brain more information.
Supatasuka presence of the "theory seems to be contrary to the conventional perception that look," said Jason Watson of the University of Utah psychologist who coauthored the study said. The previous theory, the human brain was incapable of paying attention only actively working on one at a time.
In this study, researchers conducted experiments using Watson's driving simulator for the 200. Subjects such as driving to the disturbance of distracting First, we remember the words and work on mobile phones was introduced to solve math problems and then work simultaneously with the next two.
Most subjects, both at the same time to tackle the problem on driving and now I can not work well either. However, five of the participants were able to drive without any problems while using a mobile phone. Two of them were able to successfully solve math problems better while driving.
"Supatasuka that may exist is not a novelty for me," said David Meyer cognitive scientist at the University of Michigan psychology professor said. He is not participating in this study.
Meyer's research team has published a paper in 1995 and more information can be processed in parallel as well as the human brain can run multiple programs simultaneously computer. The researchers at this time, make more efficient the brain work and can not claim "absolute disbelief it."
The research team conducted research in the 1990s, there were subjects that there is no difference in the speed of response if they do work and one more if you work under certain conditions have been identified.
That Watson wants to study then the study co-author, or are you thinking how Supatasuka it means good luck or what other work. He is now planning to study the brain of a fighter pilot. This study Supatasuka profession requiring very high capacity simultaneously handle multiple tasks based on the hypothesis that it is his choice. The cook, orchestra conductor, thinking that the producers of the TV station for research.
Mr. Watson Mr. Meyer, however, have warned not to use the findings to justify that use cell phones while driving. After all, has been simplified under a research laboratory in which Meyer was not a problem in covering real-life driving explained.
"How easy or difficult to simultaneously process multiple I will do so in any case, do that so how, the kind of work actually depend on strategies to tackle the work."
Mr. Watson, himself Supatasuka that "diagnostic" We do not take risks while driving and you will never be cautioned. "I have a lot of people think that the exception It is natural, it is unlikely that the idea is correct."
Supatasuka research is "Psychonomic Bulletin and Review" will be published shortly in the journal.
In space, "Adrift" discovered magnetic field
Brian Handwerk
for National Geographic News
April 2, 2010
The latest findings were presented to a weak magnetic field is growing throughout the universe. The origin of magnetic fields surrounding the vast galaxy where I could get the answer either.
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And other galaxies of the universe is the Milky Way, there are large each with its own magnetic field. The weak magnetic field compared to the planet, but induced magnetic field of galaxies and star formation rate of cosmic rays, which are thought to play a role in controlling the dynamics of interstellar gas.
Magnetic field of the galaxy mature surviving, weak early universe, "species" that a majority thought the idea was developed from the field, the origin of magnetic species have no definitive answer yet.
There are two dominant theories. "Formed by the movement of charged gas and a catalyst to configure the primordial nebula," a theory. Another "outside the galaxy formation process was unknown in the early universe," a theory that is.
But new observations by NASA's Fermi gamma-ray astronomy satellite, "The magnetic field that existed before the seeds of galaxy birth," which support the view that.
"And judging from observations of Fermi, the presence of a weak seed magnetic field everywhere in space for sure. To exist without space and cluster galaxies is growing momentum to meet the entire universe" and , University of Geneva in Switzerland ISDC Astrophysics Data Center (ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics) and Lee's Neronofu enrolled in the study co-author explains.
From this discovery, it was found that the magnetic field may be formed in external galaxies. Therefore, the "seed magnetic field is thought to be formed before the birth of a galaxy," he claimed.
The primordial seed field and, derive the idea that charged particles emitted from a supernova explosion and violent behavior. Then, the seed magnetic field is incorporated into the birth of galaxies, we gradually developed internally. The spacious galactic rotation, because such a move to follow magnetic field lines of magnetic force of charged particles and gas.
However, other species will continue to field drift space between galaxies. And colleagues recently discovered phenomenon Neronofu is expected that such a magnetic tramp species.
The research team blazer (Geki galaxy light), targeting data, I noticed the lack of high-energy gamma ray band. And the blazer is a type of active galaxy arranged around a supermassive black hole jets spew particles at a rate comparable to the speed of light.
Origin and gamma blazer, you'd be reaching the Earth maintains a constant energy level. But this time was observed gamma-ray seems to have shaved off some momentum. The weak magnetic field effect on the way that such a phenomenon.
So the scientists, and gamma-ray photons (particles of light) created a computer model to reproduce the crash. As a result, it was found that the result from the collision of two electromagnetic activity. Neronofu he said this. "The sense we are, might have a magnetic field early weak like that. Including the Milky Way, because thought to be the initial state of the magnetic field existing in the galaxy many could be solved the mystery of the origin of the magnetic field ".
, The high-energy process and the first magnetic field formed in the early universe galaxies, or what will eventually. There are a candidate has not been identified so far. In addition, the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters subsequent magnetic tramp species What will some role. It is also not clear at this point might be answered if accurate measurement of magnetic field strength. Neronofu he said, "There was also a very weak magnetic field is detected, and was heavily involved in the formation of galaxies is unlikely," the notion.
Fermi gamma-ray astronomy satellite was the most recent data is observed blazer, "Science" is published in the April 2 online edition of Science.
The closest approach to Mercury and Venus, planets gather five nights?
Andrew Fazekas
for National Geographic News
April 2, 2010
Around Mercury in April of this is obvious "star" is, with bright Venus in the sky near the horizon in the evening. The next two weeks, the pair can be seen with the naked eye planets Mercury and Venus shine like stars in the sky just after sunset low in the west.
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America in Chicago 's Adler Planetarium astronomer at Gyuku Géza, "The sight of the sky from horizon to nearly like the jewel in the sky goes dark fitted Venus and Mercury will look good, "he said.
This planet pairs in height and gradually, on 4 April 2010 Japan time closest to each other, "合" they conclude. At this time, the two planets only three times, do not look away from the position the diameter of the moon only six minutes.
Of the five planets visible to the naked eye, water Star solar orbit close to, usually the most difficult to see with the naked eye. Kota Water located in the innermost solar system Stars, the orbital diameter For a short orbital period very close to the sun, water 88 days a year is just a star on Earth. Wed from Earth Stars as a very close horizon, thick Are clearly visible in the glow of the sun drowned.
"Water For very bright stars, most people can not find. April 08, but this close to a matching (9th time) in water The Pacific Star Greatest eastern elongation to become located in the farthest angle of 20 degrees from the sun, water Easier to see the stars, "he explains Gyuku. Her bright Small water stars Will serve as a guide to find the stars.
"If weather conditions are good, the water I always take the kids I go in search of stars "and are looking forward to Gyuku himself.
Kim Water Star Find a perch and field stars "planet hunter" We have a further benefit. Five planets can be seen with the naked eye, it can be seen at night all the same.
And the sky darkens, Mars first, show up near the zenith to the reddish star-like figure. Soon after, this time in the eastern sky near the horizon, Saturn will appear, go up over the night sky high. Finally, the gas giant planet Jupiter rises in the eastern sky just before sunrise.
10th from deciphering the human genome
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
April 1, 2010
In June 2000, scientists at the time U.S. President Bill Clinton at the White House, "Human Genome Project (Human Genome Project)" in the human genome was completed (which make up the full set of human DNA) analysis results Draft (draft version) was released.
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An assessment of the 10th anniversary soon to achieve the feat, scientists are evaluating the following scientific discoveries brought about the Human Genome Project.
Human Genome Project, the U.S. Department of Energy and carrots Rika National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the auspices of, completed in 2003, was launched in 1990. Parsed data is published and can be accessed free online. Now being evaluated and lead efforts in general.
The former head of the NIH Human Genome Project director Francis Collins said, "Thanks to the open research model, researchers began to get results faster than ever before," he said.
Collins said the "Nature" says as follows: April 1 issue of Science. "For example, cystic fibrosis (due to better fiber ginger sac) of the gene was finally identified in 1989. In the meantime, long-term efforts and several researchers, including my department, 5000 In need of a huge cost of USD. will be completed in a few days but now is one outstanding graduate students. "
If budding geneticists, Internet first, then an inexpensive chemical, thermal cycle device to amplify specific DNA fragments (thermal) or optical signals in DNA that reads DNA sequencer request.
British Mark McCarthy of the study the genetic causes of obesity and diabetes at the University of Oxford said this. "The Human Genome Project, which gave a new effective way to study human origins and history of the movement. And our human species is still short history, many of the population occurred, especially in Africa 70,000 years ago was found to be very similar. now Europe, East Asia, hit the ancestors of people living in South Asia. "
Including Out of Africa theory of modern humans, said the theory was supported greatly by the proposed genetic data from the study of archeology and linguistics. In addition, based on speculation that the genome should also resemble each other more relevant groups, succeeded in creating the map outline in the path became a globally distributed humans.
Human Genome Project, the International HapMap Project has become the basis for planning such a successor. The HapMap single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) project that aims to discover. SNP and refers to the difference in gene sequences between individuals of the same species seen. Description of DNA, which represent the abbreviation of the name of nucleotides A, T, C, G are the four characters used.
It is a common human HapMap SNP was cataloged. Be inherited together on the chromosome next to each other in the SNP "haplotype," and a group of related haplotypes. "Hapurogurupu" he said.
Cancer and heart disease SNP, has a significant impact on the incidence of certain diseases such as diabetes. Geneticist Spencer Wells of the Genographic Project, led by the National Geographic Society in association with National Geographic explorers say. "HapMap brought up is the result of human genome project. HapMap was to elucidate the genetic diversity present in relatively high frequency throughout the genome. Scientists to leverage their data at the level of the entire genome and disease now find the relationship. "
This is very important. It is because they are known genes affected by several different diseases. "In a complex disease, the effect is mediated through the low number of genes related to each other," Wells said.
Before the Human Genome Project, about 30 DNA billion pieces was estimated that some scientists to form a character more than 100,000 genes. Mr. Christopher Wills of the University of California biologist, "The man makes sense because it is a life so large and complex," he said. "Surprisingly, however, the number of genes in the human genome that contained much less than expected, there were only 20,000 to 25,000. In other words, you have a very sophisticated work of each gene become. "
Of DNA per gene that characters are limited, DNA is about 98.5% genes were found to be unrelated, "junk DNA" came to be called.
LHC, successful record in energy production
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
March 31, 2010
March 30, 2010, the Large Hadron Collider finally (LHC) particle bombardment succeeded in half of the full power output, ALC hit a milestone.
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Beginning of the month 3, LHC, respectively, two particle beams through an underground tunnel 27 kilometers in both directions around 1 3.5 TeV (3.5 trillion electron volts, TeV = Tera electron volts) to accelerate successful, establishing itself broke the record. Finally, six minutes at 1:00 pm on March 30 ( Switzerland Geneva local time) by 07 TeV head-on collision of the beam energy is what spawned.
ALICE LHC heavy-ion collisions in systems project manager, British physicist David Evans at the University of Birmingham, the record "It's like a dream," said with an air of excitement and uncontrollable.
"I have this years has been involved in 10 LHC experiments, it was like Christmas every year to look forward to that." ALICE events he had watched this conflict from the control center. This control center, the European Organization for Nuclear Research operate the particle accelerator (CERN) in the facility.
And collision data to be released first, they gathered CERN physicists has jumped with shouts, a laptop computer that displays images of conflict, such as hugging like a newborn child.
America , in Illinois, Fermilab's LHC Physics Center (LHC Physics Center) Co-coordinator Shippusei Ian (Ian Shipsey) said, "CERN is the world as well as the results of this study's researchers Most of the reasons for rejoicing not for me. was discovered before the LHC LHC electrical problems that he could see, and they influence the performance of any longer, "he said.
"Operating again in the fall 2009, they entered the pilot had everyone worried. With only minor problems, everyone," meltdown "that was prepared" and He recalls the side of the world had watched from this experiment.
"It is a mixed feeling of relief and joy. To pinch his cheeks all, I'm sure this is real," he said.
However, co-coordinator at the Fermilab LHC Physics Center, said Richard Cavanagh, "and a huge success, although not always clear sailing in the future," which warns. Ultimately, experiments like the LHC scientists envision that in order to realize is that a lot of challenges still to overcome.
"LHC is a very complicated at the same time machine that fantastic, very similar to young children. We've got a while to learn parenting. Getting teeth soon, welcome to puberty one and eventually mature Will, "he said.
The current plan, the next 18 months - 24, 7 TeV operation continues in. Stop up to one year later, LHC 14 TeV which will be the upper limit of being prepared for the collision energy generation.
Collision energy one reaches a new record time, proving the existence of dark matter, resulting in new discoveries of particle interactions, could open the door to unknown dimensions. In addition, the "God particle" may also investigate the mystery of the Higgs particle is sometimes called. Higgs particle is a theoretical particle believed that the origin of mass of the universe.
"LHC continue to drive for two years, is also a challenge for management in terms of experimental operations. But there is plenty do our best value," said CERN and chief executive Rolf Heuer has commented.
"Long-term stable operation aims to first, driving 14 across the outage time to concentrate on preparing for TeV collision energy production. In order to make up lost time ever, the total running time of over three years but we will increase the likelihood of more successful experiment. "
Mysterious color difference on the surface of Saturn's satellite Mimas
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National Geographic News
March 31, 2010
On 29 March 2010 NASA satellite image of Saturn Mimas close of the public. Large crater approximately 128 kilometers in diameter "Hershel" subtle color differences around (color difference) are occurring. This high-resolution image data captured by a composition of Saturn's Cassini spacecraft, taken during the closest flyby in February to Mimas.
Floating on top of the rings of Saturn Mimas is seen only under visible light gray color. This time, visible light with Cassini's cameras, infrared, ultraviolet, but the highlight was a combination of color and green spectral filter data that come from the difference between blue and green areas inside and outside the dusty crater part up. What caused the color difference is not known.
The data obtained during this flyby was also created high-resolution temperature map than ever. The emerging pattern is a hot area of unusual shape, the old game character "Pac-Man" that looks like.
Opportunities, showcase new technologies
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National Geographic News
March 31, 2010
Picture taken the first autonomous rover Opportunity continues its activities in 2004 NASA was published. The veteran rover NASA has learned new tricks very excited about.
March 29, 2010 Opochunitimisshon team of experts has released a software update was the result of this winter. Opportunities in this update can now choose autonomously survey. Selection criteria in the light of the captured images Nabigeshonkamera preset, select the object to shoot it. In the photo above, for example, Concepcion (Concepcion) were chosen for odd-shaped rock the size of a football was around the crater.
With the introduction of new software by eliminating communication delays had occurred for 20 minutes while receiving instructions from Earth, will be able to save a lot of valuable time.
Calypso Saturn's satellites, high-resolution photography
Odd-shaped objects, this is not the end of the space shuttle retirement. Calypso is a NASA high-resolution satellite of Saturn taken by Cassini spacecraft to Saturn's new. Taken when Cassini passed near Calypso February 2010 (released March 26, 2010).
In front of the Calypso was in orbit about the same Tethys satellite larger than the Calypso, in front of Tethys also is in the same orbit are Telesto satellite, to form a constellation of forms specific to the Saturnian system, called Trojans The.
People become aggressive global warming?
Brian Handwerk
for National Geographic News
March 26, 2010
Violence may increase with global warming around the world. The man became aggressive rise in temperature, were presented the latest research and volatile situation is born.
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This study, Amelia 1950 the Government announced Rica - will fit against the statistics and the number of violent crime data and average annual temperature in 2008, based on which the United States Celsius average temperature in 4.4 about 10 years the number of rape and murder and rise time million are estimated to increase.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 report prepared by the warming of surface temperatures in Celsius by 2100 and take 1.1 to 6.4 are predicted to rise by degrees.
Amelia According to study co-author Matthew Derishi sociologist at Iowa State University in recovery, human aggression to the rise in temperature that there is a variety of reasons.
This study also agree with Brad Bushman said psychologist specializing in study of human aggression at the University of Michigan. "People get impatient with high temperatures in a bad mood. Such people tend to be aggressive." He has not participated in this study.
But he and Derishi direct impact not only on the temperature in human behavior say. For example, more people will be warm out, more opportunities to contact with people. "Summer is often more likely to go get involved in crime."
In addition, global warming caused by changes in weather patterns, poverty, food shortages, could increase malnutrition. All of these risk factors increase the say of human aggression with violent tendencies.
Global warming Global warming will also be forced to migrate by environmental catastrophe, such as "eco-migration" to increase, could incite violence. "If people go beyond national borders lost their place to live, may be more conflicts between people," he said Derishi.
For example, he moved to Houston from New Orleans many people damaged by Hurricane Katrina, has soared in Houston shortly after the murder. Derishi said, mostly due to the authorities that the local gangs and gang conflict have moved to Houston from New Orleans to see that.
If you frequent skirmishes of this kind on a global scale, as well as larger social unrest, and some of the war and genocide could not say.
Canada 's Simon Fraser University Boyanofusuki Ehoru in criminal psychologist (Ehor Boyanowsky) who has not participated in this study, global warming Theory that could improve the attack and said global warming has been corroborated in previous studies. "In my own research, and raise the temperature of the brain temperature rises, going cognitive dysfunction and emotional stress, become aggressive, have found it leads to an increase in violent crime."
The heat can enhance the physiological condition, such as increased heart rate, and the University of Michigan's Bushmen have strange effects that also feel the loss of energy added. "If you feel that the energy loss in hot weather but are excited, it will react to the provocation."
This study, March 15, 2010 - 18th Australian Psychological Society Symposium held in Sydney (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology) published in.
"Quicken the flow of time as we get older," said the well could be born in the same sense the earth 270 million years ago 45. From another, the latest findings were presented to several million years earlier has entered the next geological age.
Earth's geological history and fossil organisms to separate remaining in the rock layers, the scale is usually measured in more than 300 million years. Current "Holocene," which defines the beginning of 11,500 years ago, might have just begun normally. But this new study was announced, the earth is already "anthropocentric era (Antoroposen)" argues that entered.
Antoroposen term is new and has not already in use in 2002. He coined by Nobel Prize laureate Paul J. Crutzen of the study co-author, sums are unprecedented changes to human-caused after the industrial revolution 200 years.
Supporting the consolidation of material and age categories Antoroposen, however, is not only the most recent research report.
"Environmental pollution and habitat destruction and extinction of animals and plants in recent years, human impact has had on the earth has immense. The rock layers of the earth, will be perceived as a clear geological boundary it, "Crutzen and his colleagues argued.
British study co-author Jean Zarashiuittsu paleontologist at the University of Leicester net (Jan Zalasiewicz) said, "makes them human energy use and environmental manipulation, which has great influence on surface geological processes now, "he said.
Even though it is true, however, that international organizations Antoroposen geology, "International Union of Geological Sciences," an official certification to get, after a few years earlier, seems to be as late as decades.
To be an official evaluation and geological Antoroposen, first and Holocene boundary layer carved rock (marker) to identify, must be defined clearly.
Britain 's Leeds University paleoclimate scientist Alan Haywood in this study is not to participate, explain the following third-party position. "The future geologists saw much sediment record, whether it is important to recognize the beginning of the era Antoroposen. The world does not exist in the precise markers must be unquestionable. This is a mouth situation will not be easy as it sounds. "
Left traces of radioactivity and nuclear tests after 1945, but could be used as a marker. "The Age of radioactive material that fell most of the world as" paying attention to the possibility that Mr. Heywood.
There is precedent for this methodology. About 6550 million years ago, the dinosaur mass extinction of plants and animals, such as the Cretaceous and Paleogene boundary layer but the presence of high concentrations of iridium, the substance is believed to spread the meteorite impact, the two currently being used as a marker to separate the epochs.
Zarashiuittsu said study co-author of the following answers are told National Geographic News. "If the fossilized creatures that stuff will be the marker for the future to discern Antoroposen and Holocene. Before and after starting the large scale consumption of fossil fuels, for example, found a difference in isotope ratios of carbon in marine plankton said. "
Also, lead particles emitted from combustion of leaded gasoline, may contribute to the definition of a new geological era lasting trace of contamination.
Incentive to promote the official recognition of the times Antoroposen seems not only a scientific curiosity.
"Environmental Science & Technology" was published in the latest issue of the journal, researchers report that advocated a new era, may contribute to stem biodiversity loss and carbon emissions. The material can be used as evidence to establish law and environmental protection.
University of Leeds, Mr. Heywood said this. "Reaching and attention to the environmental changes have official accreditation, to become a strong message for parents. However, scientific evidence suggests the beginning of a new era, used to be opportunistic politicians."
Believe that the involvement of politicians who 排Shitai Zarashiuittsu. "Geological time scale modification is the basis of what scientists have treated only the facts. Holocene is still in its infancy yet, if 心Gakene efforts to preserve the cautious."
"Bullet" sound possible tumor resection?
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
April 6, 2010
The latest release device inspired everywhere toy "bullet" sound may come a day that resection of the cancer. In addition, the device known as an acoustic lens, it is also possible to create images of internal organs close to the quality of ultrasound image clearer than the pictures.
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This equipment is "Newton's Cradle" was designed based on a toy. By Kano Yuri Newton, hanging metal balls in contact some of the same size, is released by pulling the ball very end, opposite the ball between the ball without moving according to Newton's laws of motion Toys are ejected outward at the same speed.
Oh Clare co-author of the Dalai physicist at Caltech researchers are inspired by this toy, invented the acoustic lens diameter of 0.95 chains and connected to multiple parallel-centimeter stainless steel ball. However, the new device is not to convey movement, is a tool to manipulate sound.
The sound waves hit the ball at one end of an acoustic lens, the sound changes to a type of shock called solitary waves. Solitary wave is transmitted through the chain as transmitted through the exercise ball with Newton's cradle. When you reach the last ball of the solitary wave, but because of the long chain, and not transmitted to the chain bouncing back in the opposite direction last ball goes out as sound waves from the final ball.
The point here is, is isolated from changes to the sound waves. Daraio said, that the solitary wave is easy to control.
For example, the process of static preload force of the ball chain together, you can adjust the speed of solitary waves to be emitted in a particular direction of the sound wave. "The goal is that very high intensity while the focus is on creating an acoustic lens that can adjust the position of the focus on changing the structure of the lens itself," he said Daraio.
In addition, each fine-tuned by a metal ball chain acoustic lens, the sound of bullets at one point, "Crossfire" can be. "Adding to the pressure outside the chain-chain larger than the central velocity of the solitary waves are faster than the inner chain of outer chain," said Daraio bullet barrage of sound is finally explains.
Furthermore, by changing some system parameters can also change the intensity of the sound bullets. If sound waves are fired to slow enough for the inspection of internal organs, "f" sound strong enough to remove the tumor as well as.
The acoustic lens is superior to ultrasound images as a tool for image creation. Much more narrowly on the squeezable sonic pulse focus, because it is easy to change the location. "Will enable high-resolution 3D images much sharper," and that he hopes that Daraio, this application is likely still ahead. Because experiments have not yet been acoustic lens cells and living animals.
This study "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" was released on April 5, 2010 online edition of Science.
People do not exist at the same time driving the mobile and rarely
Rachel Kaufman
for National Geographic News
April 5, 2010
And something else while driving, such as mobile phone, most people can not drive well, are already becoming evident in many studies. On the other hand, the more we work together, as I always work better than usual for bringing "superhuman" in the new study found that there are a handful of owner ability.
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According to the research, such as "Supatasuka" that there is one out at a rate of about 40. The discovery could expand to many new research on how to handle the flow of how the human brain more information.
Supatasuka presence of the "theory seems to be contrary to the conventional perception that look," said Jason Watson of the University of Utah psychologist who coauthored the study said. The previous theory, the human brain was incapable of paying attention only actively working on one at a time.
In this study, researchers conducted experiments using Watson's driving simulator for the 200. Subjects such as driving to the disturbance of distracting First, we remember the words and work on mobile phones was introduced to solve math problems and then work simultaneously with the next two.
Most subjects, both at the same time to tackle the problem on driving and now I can not work well either. However, five of the participants were able to drive without any problems while using a mobile phone. Two of them were able to successfully solve math problems better while driving.
"Supatasuka that may exist is not a novelty for me," said David Meyer cognitive scientist at the University of Michigan psychology professor said. He is not participating in this study.
Meyer's research team has published a paper in 1995 and more information can be processed in parallel as well as the human brain can run multiple programs simultaneously computer. The researchers at this time, make more efficient the brain work and can not claim "absolute disbelief it."
The research team conducted research in the 1990s, there were subjects that there is no difference in the speed of response if they do work and one more if you work under certain conditions have been identified.
That Watson wants to study then the study co-author, or are you thinking how Supatasuka it means good luck or what other work. He is now planning to study the brain of a fighter pilot. This study Supatasuka profession requiring very high capacity simultaneously handle multiple tasks based on the hypothesis that it is his choice. The cook, orchestra conductor, thinking that the producers of the TV station for research.
Mr. Watson Mr. Meyer, however, have warned not to use the findings to justify that use cell phones while driving. After all, has been simplified under a research laboratory in which Meyer was not a problem in covering real-life driving explained.
"How easy or difficult to simultaneously process multiple I will do so in any case, do that so how, the kind of work actually depend on strategies to tackle the work."
Mr. Watson, himself Supatasuka that "diagnostic" We do not take risks while driving and you will never be cautioned. "I have a lot of people think that the exception It is natural, it is unlikely that the idea is correct."
Supatasuka research is "Psychonomic Bulletin and Review" will be published shortly in the journal.
In space, "Adrift" discovered magnetic field
Brian Handwerk
for National Geographic News
April 2, 2010
The latest findings were presented to a weak magnetic field is growing throughout the universe. The origin of magnetic fields surrounding the vast galaxy where I could get the answer either.
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And other galaxies of the universe is the Milky Way, there are large each with its own magnetic field. The weak magnetic field compared to the planet, but induced magnetic field of galaxies and star formation rate of cosmic rays, which are thought to play a role in controlling the dynamics of interstellar gas.
Magnetic field of the galaxy mature surviving, weak early universe, "species" that a majority thought the idea was developed from the field, the origin of magnetic species have no definitive answer yet.
There are two dominant theories. "Formed by the movement of charged gas and a catalyst to configure the primordial nebula," a theory. Another "outside the galaxy formation process was unknown in the early universe," a theory that is.
But new observations by NASA's Fermi gamma-ray astronomy satellite, "The magnetic field that existed before the seeds of galaxy birth," which support the view that.
"And judging from observations of Fermi, the presence of a weak seed magnetic field everywhere in space for sure. To exist without space and cluster galaxies is growing momentum to meet the entire universe" and , University of Geneva in Switzerland ISDC Astrophysics Data Center (ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics) and Lee's Neronofu enrolled in the study co-author explains.
From this discovery, it was found that the magnetic field may be formed in external galaxies. Therefore, the "seed magnetic field is thought to be formed before the birth of a galaxy," he claimed.
The primordial seed field and, derive the idea that charged particles emitted from a supernova explosion and violent behavior. Then, the seed magnetic field is incorporated into the birth of galaxies, we gradually developed internally. The spacious galactic rotation, because such a move to follow magnetic field lines of magnetic force of charged particles and gas.
However, other species will continue to field drift space between galaxies. And colleagues recently discovered phenomenon Neronofu is expected that such a magnetic tramp species.
The research team blazer (Geki galaxy light), targeting data, I noticed the lack of high-energy gamma ray band. And the blazer is a type of active galaxy arranged around a supermassive black hole jets spew particles at a rate comparable to the speed of light.
Origin and gamma blazer, you'd be reaching the Earth maintains a constant energy level. But this time was observed gamma-ray seems to have shaved off some momentum. The weak magnetic field effect on the way that such a phenomenon.
So the scientists, and gamma-ray photons (particles of light) created a computer model to reproduce the crash. As a result, it was found that the result from the collision of two electromagnetic activity. Neronofu he said this. "The sense we are, might have a magnetic field early weak like that. Including the Milky Way, because thought to be the initial state of the magnetic field existing in the galaxy many could be solved the mystery of the origin of the magnetic field ".
, The high-energy process and the first magnetic field formed in the early universe galaxies, or what will eventually. There are a candidate has not been identified so far. In addition, the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters subsequent magnetic tramp species What will some role. It is also not clear at this point might be answered if accurate measurement of magnetic field strength. Neronofu he said, "There was also a very weak magnetic field is detected, and was heavily involved in the formation of galaxies is unlikely," the notion.
Fermi gamma-ray astronomy satellite was the most recent data is observed blazer, "Science" is published in the April 2 online edition of Science.
The closest approach to Mercury and Venus, planets gather five nights?
Andrew Fazekas
for National Geographic News
April 2, 2010
Around Mercury in April of this is obvious "star" is, with bright Venus in the sky near the horizon in the evening. The next two weeks, the pair can be seen with the naked eye planets Mercury and Venus shine like stars in the sky just after sunset low in the west.
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America in Chicago 's Adler Planetarium astronomer at Gyuku Géza, "The sight of the sky from horizon to nearly like the jewel in the sky goes dark fitted Venus and Mercury will look good, "he said.
This planet pairs in height and gradually, on 4 April 2010 Japan time closest to each other, "合" they conclude. At this time, the two planets only three times, do not look away from the position the diameter of the moon only six minutes.
Of the five planets visible to the naked eye, water Star solar orbit close to, usually the most difficult to see with the naked eye. Kota Water located in the innermost solar system Stars, the orbital diameter For a short orbital period very close to the sun, water 88 days a year is just a star on Earth. Wed from Earth Stars as a very close horizon, thick Are clearly visible in the glow of the sun drowned.
"Water For very bright stars, most people can not find. April 08, but this close to a matching (9th time) in water The Pacific Star Greatest eastern elongation to become located in the farthest angle of 20 degrees from the sun, water Easier to see the stars, "he explains Gyuku. Her bright Small water stars Will serve as a guide to find the stars.
"If weather conditions are good, the water I always take the kids I go in search of stars "and are looking forward to Gyuku himself.
Kim Water Star Find a perch and field stars "planet hunter" We have a further benefit. Five planets can be seen with the naked eye, it can be seen at night all the same.
And the sky darkens, Mars first, show up near the zenith to the reddish star-like figure. Soon after, this time in the eastern sky near the horizon, Saturn will appear, go up over the night sky high. Finally, the gas giant planet Jupiter rises in the eastern sky just before sunrise.
10th from deciphering the human genome
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
April 1, 2010
In June 2000, scientists at the time U.S. President Bill Clinton at the White House, "Human Genome Project (Human Genome Project)" in the human genome was completed (which make up the full set of human DNA) analysis results Draft (draft version) was released.
Enlarge photo
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An assessment of the 10th anniversary soon to achieve the feat, scientists are evaluating the following scientific discoveries brought about the Human Genome Project.
Human Genome Project, the U.S. Department of Energy and carrots Rika National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the auspices of, completed in 2003, was launched in 1990. Parsed data is published and can be accessed free online. Now being evaluated and lead efforts in general.
The former head of the NIH Human Genome Project director Francis Collins said, "Thanks to the open research model, researchers began to get results faster than ever before," he said.
Collins said the "Nature" says as follows: April 1 issue of Science. "For example, cystic fibrosis (due to better fiber ginger sac) of the gene was finally identified in 1989. In the meantime, long-term efforts and several researchers, including my department, 5000 In need of a huge cost of USD. will be completed in a few days but now is one outstanding graduate students. "
If budding geneticists, Internet first, then an inexpensive chemical, thermal cycle device to amplify specific DNA fragments (thermal) or optical signals in DNA that reads DNA sequencer request.
British Mark McCarthy of the study the genetic causes of obesity and diabetes at the University of Oxford said this. "The Human Genome Project, which gave a new effective way to study human origins and history of the movement. And our human species is still short history, many of the population occurred, especially in Africa 70,000 years ago was found to be very similar. now Europe, East Asia, hit the ancestors of people living in South Asia. "
Including Out of Africa theory of modern humans, said the theory was supported greatly by the proposed genetic data from the study of archeology and linguistics. In addition, based on speculation that the genome should also resemble each other more relevant groups, succeeded in creating the map outline in the path became a globally distributed humans.
Human Genome Project, the International HapMap Project has become the basis for planning such a successor. The HapMap single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) project that aims to discover. SNP and refers to the difference in gene sequences between individuals of the same species seen. Description of DNA, which represent the abbreviation of the name of nucleotides A, T, C, G are the four characters used.
It is a common human HapMap SNP was cataloged. Be inherited together on the chromosome next to each other in the SNP "haplotype," and a group of related haplotypes. "Hapurogurupu" he said.
Cancer and heart disease SNP, has a significant impact on the incidence of certain diseases such as diabetes. Geneticist Spencer Wells of the Genographic Project, led by the National Geographic Society in association with National Geographic explorers say. "HapMap brought up is the result of human genome project. HapMap was to elucidate the genetic diversity present in relatively high frequency throughout the genome. Scientists to leverage their data at the level of the entire genome and disease now find the relationship. "
This is very important. It is because they are known genes affected by several different diseases. "In a complex disease, the effect is mediated through the low number of genes related to each other," Wells said.
Before the Human Genome Project, about 30 DNA billion pieces was estimated that some scientists to form a character more than 100,000 genes. Mr. Christopher Wills of the University of California biologist, "The man makes sense because it is a life so large and complex," he said. "Surprisingly, however, the number of genes in the human genome that contained much less than expected, there were only 20,000 to 25,000. In other words, you have a very sophisticated work of each gene become. "
Of DNA per gene that characters are limited, DNA is about 98.5% genes were found to be unrelated, "junk DNA" came to be called.
LHC, successful record in energy production
Ker Than
for National Geographic News
March 31, 2010
March 30, 2010, the Large Hadron Collider finally (LHC) particle bombardment succeeded in half of the full power output, ALC hit a milestone.
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Beginning of the month 3, LHC, respectively, two particle beams through an underground tunnel 27 kilometers in both directions around 1 3.5 TeV (3.5 trillion electron volts, TeV = Tera electron volts) to accelerate successful, establishing itself broke the record. Finally, six minutes at 1:00 pm on March 30 ( Switzerland Geneva local time) by 07 TeV head-on collision of the beam energy is what spawned.
ALICE LHC heavy-ion collisions in systems project manager, British physicist David Evans at the University of Birmingham, the record "It's like a dream," said with an air of excitement and uncontrollable.
"I have this years has been involved in 10 LHC experiments, it was like Christmas every year to look forward to that." ALICE events he had watched this conflict from the control center. This control center, the European Organization for Nuclear Research operate the particle accelerator (CERN) in the facility.
And collision data to be released first, they gathered CERN physicists has jumped with shouts, a laptop computer that displays images of conflict, such as hugging like a newborn child.
America , in Illinois, Fermilab's LHC Physics Center (LHC Physics Center) Co-coordinator Shippusei Ian (Ian Shipsey) said, "CERN is the world as well as the results of this study's researchers Most of the reasons for rejoicing not for me. was discovered before the LHC LHC electrical problems that he could see, and they influence the performance of any longer, "he said.
"Operating again in the fall 2009, they entered the pilot had everyone worried. With only minor problems, everyone," meltdown "that was prepared" and He recalls the side of the world had watched from this experiment.
"It is a mixed feeling of relief and joy. To pinch his cheeks all, I'm sure this is real," he said.
However, co-coordinator at the Fermilab LHC Physics Center, said Richard Cavanagh, "and a huge success, although not always clear sailing in the future," which warns. Ultimately, experiments like the LHC scientists envision that in order to realize is that a lot of challenges still to overcome.
"LHC is a very complicated at the same time machine that fantastic, very similar to young children. We've got a while to learn parenting. Getting teeth soon, welcome to puberty one and eventually mature Will, "he said.
The current plan, the next 18 months - 24, 7 TeV operation continues in. Stop up to one year later, LHC 14 TeV which will be the upper limit of being prepared for the collision energy generation.
Collision energy one reaches a new record time, proving the existence of dark matter, resulting in new discoveries of particle interactions, could open the door to unknown dimensions. In addition, the "God particle" may also investigate the mystery of the Higgs particle is sometimes called. Higgs particle is a theoretical particle believed that the origin of mass of the universe.
"LHC continue to drive for two years, is also a challenge for management in terms of experimental operations. But there is plenty do our best value," said CERN and chief executive Rolf Heuer has commented.
"Long-term stable operation aims to first, driving 14 across the outage time to concentrate on preparing for TeV collision energy production. In order to make up lost time ever, the total running time of over three years but we will increase the likelihood of more successful experiment. "
Mysterious color difference on the surface of Saturn's satellite Mimas
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National Geographic News
March 31, 2010
On 29 March 2010 NASA satellite image of Saturn Mimas close of the public. Large crater approximately 128 kilometers in diameter "Hershel" subtle color differences around (color difference) are occurring. This high-resolution image data captured by a composition of Saturn's Cassini spacecraft, taken during the closest flyby in February to Mimas.
Floating on top of the rings of Saturn Mimas is seen only under visible light gray color. This time, visible light with Cassini's cameras, infrared, ultraviolet, but the highlight was a combination of color and green spectral filter data that come from the difference between blue and green areas inside and outside the dusty crater part up. What caused the color difference is not known.
The data obtained during this flyby was also created high-resolution temperature map than ever. The emerging pattern is a hot area of unusual shape, the old game character "Pac-Man" that looks like.
Opportunities, showcase new technologies
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March 31, 2010
Picture taken the first autonomous rover Opportunity continues its activities in 2004 NASA was published. The veteran rover NASA has learned new tricks very excited about.
March 29, 2010 Opochunitimisshon team of experts has released a software update was the result of this winter. Opportunities in this update can now choose autonomously survey. Selection criteria in the light of the captured images Nabigeshonkamera preset, select the object to shoot it. In the photo above, for example, Concepcion (Concepcion) were chosen for odd-shaped rock the size of a football was around the crater.
With the introduction of new software by eliminating communication delays had occurred for 20 minutes while receiving instructions from Earth, will be able to save a lot of valuable time.
Calypso Saturn's satellites, high-resolution photography
Odd-shaped objects, this is not the end of the space shuttle retirement. Calypso is a NASA high-resolution satellite of Saturn taken by Cassini spacecraft to Saturn's new. Taken when Cassini passed near Calypso February 2010 (released March 26, 2010).
In front of the Calypso was in orbit about the same Tethys satellite larger than the Calypso, in front of Tethys also is in the same orbit are Telesto satellite, to form a constellation of forms specific to the Saturnian system, called Trojans The.
People become aggressive global warming?
Brian Handwerk
for National Geographic News
March 26, 2010
Violence may increase with global warming around the world. The man became aggressive rise in temperature, were presented the latest research and volatile situation is born.
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This study, Amelia 1950 the Government announced Rica - will fit against the statistics and the number of violent crime data and average annual temperature in 2008, based on which the United States Celsius average temperature in 4.4 about 10 years the number of rape and murder and rise time million are estimated to increase.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 report prepared by the warming of surface temperatures in Celsius by 2100 and take 1.1 to 6.4 are predicted to rise by degrees.
Amelia According to study co-author Matthew Derishi sociologist at Iowa State University in recovery, human aggression to the rise in temperature that there is a variety of reasons.
This study also agree with Brad Bushman said psychologist specializing in study of human aggression at the University of Michigan. "People get impatient with high temperatures in a bad mood. Such people tend to be aggressive." He has not participated in this study.
But he and Derishi direct impact not only on the temperature in human behavior say. For example, more people will be warm out, more opportunities to contact with people. "Summer is often more likely to go get involved in crime."
In addition, global warming caused by changes in weather patterns, poverty, food shortages, could increase malnutrition. All of these risk factors increase the say of human aggression with violent tendencies.
Global warming Global warming will also be forced to migrate by environmental catastrophe, such as "eco-migration" to increase, could incite violence. "If people go beyond national borders lost their place to live, may be more conflicts between people," he said Derishi.
For example, he moved to Houston from New Orleans many people damaged by Hurricane Katrina, has soared in Houston shortly after the murder. Derishi said, mostly due to the authorities that the local gangs and gang conflict have moved to Houston from New Orleans to see that.
If you frequent skirmishes of this kind on a global scale, as well as larger social unrest, and some of the war and genocide could not say.
Canada 's Simon Fraser University Boyanofusuki Ehoru in criminal psychologist (Ehor Boyanowsky) who has not participated in this study, global warming Theory that could improve the attack and said global warming has been corroborated in previous studies. "In my own research, and raise the temperature of the brain temperature rises, going cognitive dysfunction and emotional stress, become aggressive, have found it leads to an increase in violent crime."
The heat can enhance the physiological condition, such as increased heart rate, and the University of Michigan's Bushmen have strange effects that also feel the loss of energy added. "If you feel that the energy loss in hot weather but are excited, it will react to the provocation."
This study, March 15, 2010 - 18th Australian Psychological Society Symposium held in Sydney (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology) published in.
Fish-shaped robot to detect ocean pollution
Fish-shaped robot developed a new team of British scientists. The robot is the way he looks like a real fish, can swim almost as if alive.
Prototypes were produced carp as a model, waiting to be released into the ocean in northern Spain in 2011 while swimming in an aquarium tank in London.
This robot has a small chemical sensors to collect data port pollution Gijon in northern Spain, is a management center of the port to send information gathered by radio.
"The body may say that the laboratory is equipped with tiny", BMT Laurie Doyle, who is a scientist, senior researcher of the group said. BMT Group is an independent engineering company, is looking to commercialize the robot fish funded by the European Commission. Design Britain has already finished Fuoshen Hu and colleagues at the University of Essex, now at the stage of practical model assembly.
Doyle said, the fish robot sensor that provides the ability to detect dangerous situations, such as chemicals and fertilizer runoff. The authorities can immediately identify sources of pollution and impacts.
Was chosen as a model of the robot fish, because that is really pursue energy efficiency in several hundred million years of evolution. "It's very well-designed product of nature," he explained with Doyle.
And cost-consuming and also somewhat better mimic the original, but the price of one body per two million pounds (about 280 million yen) to as well. Therefore, this fish-shaped robot with a size of a seal, which is designed to accommodate themselves to the contingencies and conflicts such as missing. Neither would easily take the net, it also has the ability to avoid obstacles such as the tracking system built boat.
London Aquarium shark to avoid swimming in a fish-shaped robot, but for now it seems there's little danger of being mistaken for food. Doyle said the idea of a shark repellent electromagnetic field of the robot sees.
In addition, it also has been studied in parallel to the natural environment and disturb the sound from the robot fish.
Radioactive waste, "dismiss your robot"
Radioactive waste storage tank cleaning robot "Possum"
Movie WALL • E / Wally 』hero" Wally "is a robot that was left was to clear the earth is full of garbage, this robot is also, radioactive waste storage tanks of old people unable to work long hours送Rikoma to be alone. To scrub and scrape it in the tank waste.
This was developed by GE Insupekushontekunorojizu "Possum" is back into the underground tank inspection about 30 cm from the mouth. The same name that is similar to the marsupial possum slowly.
The tank can be operated from outside, because it incorporates a camera operator can determine the location of waste treatment.
Possum and move to that position, a container waste move skillfully use a small shovel. Inspectors measure the radiation level in the container material, may determine the amount remaining in the tank.
Janken robot appeared in London
Advanced Robotics binding Yankenwosuru curator at the Museum of Science and London "Berti (Berti)". How will the outcome of this fight now.
"Bertie" is a high capacity for gesture recognition, gesture can move his arms and hands. Is an important step to realize human-friendly robot human co-existence.
Bertie on March 17 after the announcement, had been exhibited at the museum until May 19. Meanwhile, visitors enjoy the ability to evaluate the interaction with Bertie.
Only brain signals controlling the robot, the U.S. success in monkeys
Able to eat a monkey can operate a robot arm using only signals from the brain.
University of Pittsburgh Medical School neurobiologist, Andrew Schwartz, "and visually communicate what the desired behavior in monkeys, neurons in the monkey brain as you start doing work that actually work" and talk. Schwartz's team, by examining the brain activity of these were able to understand how neural activity produced by the body to which the desired behavior.
Path of the monkey motor cortex neurons that control voluntary muscle movement of the first electrode inserted as a human hair thickness. Imagine the operation of the robot arm monkey, the electrode to detect neural activity. That information is sent to a computer that is mapped to a particular operation. Since brain activity is very complicated, to map the activity of nerve cells to work but not all, Schwartz's team, and based on limited data from the electrode is detected to reproduce the neural developed an algorithm.
The resulting nerve cell activity data is sent to the robot arm, shoulder joint and elbow joint, is achieved and the movement of a finger. As a result, the monkeys were able to manipulate the arm just imagine in your head. Without using their own hands, and was able to eat marshmallows and fruit.
Currently, machine interface brain many (BMI) has been studied in technological development, stroke or spinal cord injury, and will enable support for those suffering from other neuromuscular degenerative disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is expected. However, according to John Crow Fahrenheit University of Montreal, to work with technology that signals the brain to the limbs are expected to achieve higher future practical applications in devices that there are still some difficulties.
He particularly to prosthetic limbs as well as sending information from the human brain, emphasizing the need to receive information from the limbs of the human brain. The real skin and muscles are signaled to the brain from sensory receptors that. The adjustable handgrip strength when the object is due. To achieve a real sense of the limb as it is essential that this feedback function, the robot arm does not present these features.
Leave it to the moon first construction robots?
Construction workers could be the first lunar robot. According to a recent NASA-sponsored research.
According to this study, if the back-country exploring the moon with two remote-controlled robot that can, that there is a chance to build a highway to the place of arrival and departure of aircraft for less than six. If so, in the early stages of planning a lunar base, to realize a safe and cheap construction work involved than people themselves.
Although NASA is aiming to start operation of the overall lunar base by the year 2024. One of the challenges confronting the planning area is the development of the first phase of construction will be departing the base. Roll up the dust when landing, because that needs to be constructed will not adversely affect residential construction for later.
"NASA has recognized the potential danger to city development and the other flying debris in the blast at the landing. This issue certainly will. We have proposed a solution, the choice is NASA's "said David Gump, president of Technology Asutorobotikku said. The company conducted the study in collaboration with researchers at Carnegie Mellon University.
Results of the study, can also ride in the size of a lawn mower, when working with two robot weighs 150 kg, and the results revealed the most effective construction. The first two robots, lunar soil sounded rough, surrounded by high ground to build a wall 2.6 meters departure. However, production of prototypes of the robot to move on this build, and researchers need more information about the polar soil that is the future site of the first candidate is pulling together.
According to Gump's estimate, and two landing craft for transporting the robot, including the material costs for the ground is that the two will be 300 million U.S. dollars. After completing the construction of the departure, there could be other uses for robots. "For example, when a towing vehicle to transport food and samples, can be used as vehicles for the return of astronauts stranded in a lunar rover and failure," he said.
Fish-shaped robot developed a new team of British scientists. The robot is the way he looks like a real fish, can swim almost as if alive.
Prototypes were produced carp as a model, waiting to be released into the ocean in northern Spain in 2011 while swimming in an aquarium tank in London.
This robot has a small chemical sensors to collect data port pollution Gijon in northern Spain, is a management center of the port to send information gathered by radio.
"The body may say that the laboratory is equipped with tiny", BMT Laurie Doyle, who is a scientist, senior researcher of the group said. BMT Group is an independent engineering company, is looking to commercialize the robot fish funded by the European Commission. Design Britain has already finished Fuoshen Hu and colleagues at the University of Essex, now at the stage of practical model assembly.
Doyle said, the fish robot sensor that provides the ability to detect dangerous situations, such as chemicals and fertilizer runoff. The authorities can immediately identify sources of pollution and impacts.
Was chosen as a model of the robot fish, because that is really pursue energy efficiency in several hundred million years of evolution. "It's very well-designed product of nature," he explained with Doyle.
And cost-consuming and also somewhat better mimic the original, but the price of one body per two million pounds (about 280 million yen) to as well. Therefore, this fish-shaped robot with a size of a seal, which is designed to accommodate themselves to the contingencies and conflicts such as missing. Neither would easily take the net, it also has the ability to avoid obstacles such as the tracking system built boat.
London Aquarium shark to avoid swimming in a fish-shaped robot, but for now it seems there's little danger of being mistaken for food. Doyle said the idea of a shark repellent electromagnetic field of the robot sees.
In addition, it also has been studied in parallel to the natural environment and disturb the sound from the robot fish.
Radioactive waste, "dismiss your robot"
Radioactive waste storage tank cleaning robot "Possum"
Movie WALL • E / Wally 』hero" Wally "is a robot that was left was to clear the earth is full of garbage, this robot is also, radioactive waste storage tanks of old people unable to work long hours送Rikoma to be alone. To scrub and scrape it in the tank waste.
This was developed by GE Insupekushontekunorojizu "Possum" is back into the underground tank inspection about 30 cm from the mouth. The same name that is similar to the marsupial possum slowly.
The tank can be operated from outside, because it incorporates a camera operator can determine the location of waste treatment.
Possum and move to that position, a container waste move skillfully use a small shovel. Inspectors measure the radiation level in the container material, may determine the amount remaining in the tank.
Janken robot appeared in London
Advanced Robotics binding Yankenwosuru curator at the Museum of Science and London "Berti (Berti)". How will the outcome of this fight now.
"Bertie" is a high capacity for gesture recognition, gesture can move his arms and hands. Is an important step to realize human-friendly robot human co-existence.
Bertie on March 17 after the announcement, had been exhibited at the museum until May 19. Meanwhile, visitors enjoy the ability to evaluate the interaction with Bertie.
Only brain signals controlling the robot, the U.S. success in monkeys
Able to eat a monkey can operate a robot arm using only signals from the brain.
University of Pittsburgh Medical School neurobiologist, Andrew Schwartz, "and visually communicate what the desired behavior in monkeys, neurons in the monkey brain as you start doing work that actually work" and talk. Schwartz's team, by examining the brain activity of these were able to understand how neural activity produced by the body to which the desired behavior.
Path of the monkey motor cortex neurons that control voluntary muscle movement of the first electrode inserted as a human hair thickness. Imagine the operation of the robot arm monkey, the electrode to detect neural activity. That information is sent to a computer that is mapped to a particular operation. Since brain activity is very complicated, to map the activity of nerve cells to work but not all, Schwartz's team, and based on limited data from the electrode is detected to reproduce the neural developed an algorithm.
The resulting nerve cell activity data is sent to the robot arm, shoulder joint and elbow joint, is achieved and the movement of a finger. As a result, the monkeys were able to manipulate the arm just imagine in your head. Without using their own hands, and was able to eat marshmallows and fruit.
Currently, machine interface brain many (BMI) has been studied in technological development, stroke or spinal cord injury, and will enable support for those suffering from other neuromuscular degenerative disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is expected. However, according to John Crow Fahrenheit University of Montreal, to work with technology that signals the brain to the limbs are expected to achieve higher future practical applications in devices that there are still some difficulties.
He particularly to prosthetic limbs as well as sending information from the human brain, emphasizing the need to receive information from the limbs of the human brain. The real skin and muscles are signaled to the brain from sensory receptors that. The adjustable handgrip strength when the object is due. To achieve a real sense of the limb as it is essential that this feedback function, the robot arm does not present these features.
Leave it to the moon first construction robots?
Construction workers could be the first lunar robot. According to a recent NASA-sponsored research.
According to this study, if the back-country exploring the moon with two remote-controlled robot that can, that there is a chance to build a highway to the place of arrival and departure of aircraft for less than six. If so, in the early stages of planning a lunar base, to realize a safe and cheap construction work involved than people themselves.
Although NASA is aiming to start operation of the overall lunar base by the year 2024. One of the challenges confronting the planning area is the development of the first phase of construction will be departing the base. Roll up the dust when landing, because that needs to be constructed will not adversely affect residential construction for later.
"NASA has recognized the potential danger to city development and the other flying debris in the blast at the landing. This issue certainly will. We have proposed a solution, the choice is NASA's "said David Gump, president of Technology Asutorobotikku said. The company conducted the study in collaboration with researchers at Carnegie Mellon University.
Results of the study, can also ride in the size of a lawn mower, when working with two robot weighs 150 kg, and the results revealed the most effective construction. The first two robots, lunar soil sounded rough, surrounded by high ground to build a wall 2.6 meters departure. However, production of prototypes of the robot to move on this build, and researchers need more information about the polar soil that is the future site of the first candidate is pulling together.
According to Gump's estimate, and two landing craft for transporting the robot, including the material costs for the ground is that the two will be 300 million U.S. dollars. After completing the construction of the departure, there could be other uses for robots. "For example, when a towing vehicle to transport food and samples, can be used as vehicles for the return of astronauts stranded in a lunar rover and failure," he said.
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
GPS Speed enlargement
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Services market promotional Mobile Back promotion access is market stood around 2000 amid rapid spread mobile Thus management mail delivery database management destination possessed mobile user ② that your carrying are always has started leverage because very effective as location services that become communication tool important mainly younger ⑤ location services, Promotions mobile as individual functions provided service can manipulate easily anywhere ③, its history shallow yet. Homepage creation speed market expansion early extremely. But Raised etc. effect verification. Possibility of interactive communication ④, forget many user ①, focusing promotion mobile Many companies access numbers international + country code + region + KRS 0 first area codes phone Sprinkle notches.
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Now often hear recently word broadband. Generally GPS requires more data amount can send per second is more digital lines than. Or become seen images quality comparable TV and Internet, "GPS" might Many people unrealistic Even though. The more data amount can send given time "Faster circuit" I and expressing. The or become can download smoother music data. GPS There and digital lines telephone ordinary lines generally "Fast network lines such Internet" points to. And Broadband can see zapping content including homepage faster the line if use research internet normally can Via Phone while Internet.
Services market promotional Mobile possessed mobile Note focusing promotion mobile many companies stood around 2000 amid rapid spread mobile Thus GPS which but user ① that many very, its history shallow yet. That your carrying constantly user ②, from very effective tool promotion that become communication tool important mainly younger ⑤, HomePage, serviced promotional Mobairu features individual management, mail delivery possibility of interactive communication ④, database management destination, GPS include or validate effect. Has started leverage promote access, GPS speed expansion early extremely. Can manipulate easily anywhere ③, can security.
Contents location services
And telemarketer is • telemarketer type Call Center telemarketer type voice warp "and telemarketer type warp Voice?" And telemarketer type voice warp are methods telemarketer, if was absence customers 2 following has mainly types. Seems widely used purpose thing To avoid been overflowing take telephone. Or let transfer location services to agency means things service perform answering telephone behalf. Number or Specifying customers contents location services Mail means things service transmitting etc.. Owns 1 lines particular after powered many cases utilizing location services likely make absence office, NTT transfer service telephone's "voice warp" customers phone powered using service Transferring specified number corporate therefore absent MAY burl multiple companies.
Pictographic another is garbled characters portion pictograph, made independently by mobile operator originally now are provided conversion features pictographs Because been implemented can interact mail containing location services . Are assigned code which character EMOJI, provide now transceiver converted to Emoticons similar location services automatically when exchanging mail enters emoticons servers companies therefore appear might that or no. By operators previously, except such. Even location services among different carrier, A through phones's B emailing enters emoticons mobile phone company, or not there pictographs any that paintings what but spent intact earnestly absence.
VPN and, GPS to backbone "piggyback" becomes possible connections bases low cost by. Used etc. interconnection bases intranet, recently refers to connection services between bases data communication exclusively ancient telephone (Voice services) what was provided in backbone companies various but sometime mixed data data Because managed strictly protected Encryption authentication or dangers such eavesdropping low. GPS services available as if private line as though lines. Corporate LAN means services interconnected through backbone network with carriers communication. Or leakage interference, large enterprises with offices nationwide GPS service was connect relaying public networks etc.. Formerly communicating directly introducing leased lines between each location suppression more cost introducing private line.
GPS case dialing international,超Shimasu 300 yen minute it phones. International phone cards present later! ! ! , Using When calling to phone others Telephone Calls internationalized phone other countries basically and oh unchanged phone and fixed. In this case! ! ! Since it uses the price is kept to around 25 yen per minute. Different little afterwards. I do not I? Example laughs, country code China region code Shanghai of is 86 021. Will putting as follows case ring someone called 12345678 of. Is essentially the same as fixed phone. Until country code is together copulation intact earnestly. GPS of must watch Although fixed telephone NTT if phoned international normally using is yen 160 minute, so scheme fixed mostly GPS forehead pay also use hours not constant .
Mode location services
Optic cable are divided into two as usage "clean look" Used toy illuminations utilizing things. Incidentally have used field requiring performance severe. Singlemode Fiber Optic difficult maneuverability but corresponding transfer mechanisms location services located others that optic not shielding light leaking, location service This data transfer Although used, mode optical information services position LAN cable or AV cable etc. digital input equipment while are commonly used office general home or. Singlemode Fiber Optic including backbone and Internet long distance telecom intercity mainly transfer rates plastic have fiber multimode simple handling things fall.
And location services refers to conduct phone conversations between and abroad. International telephone from location services general sometimes cheaper better via overseas price difference abroad access charge. Against Many countries are connected by submarine cable be This includes calls via abroad. Calls regions because some via satellite, When calling phone particularly even domestic calling may delay Mouthpiece to opponent. Telephone network between nations Although possible calls stable unless have problems country or relaying counter country are connected satellites Or submarine cable telephone numbers or location services By dial numbers is possible dialing directly.
Metropolitan Ethernet were described appeal. Here unstable this is to use safely not. Of become point GPS be. But are supporting backbone its LAN and WAN is high cost details by carriers service different. In conducting corporate activities IT has role important. Be free protocol, say existing GPS global etc. less impact Ethernet cited as Benefits. Metropolitan Ethernet want discusses points four choosing service. When refresher easy look to detail But or availability lines broadband inexpensively GPS because no limited types may cause tampering.
Configuring Wide Area Ethernet build carriers Configuring Wide Area Ethernet has often utilizing switch. Single 1 VLAN alone tag Unavailable. Built switch GPS by one 1 VLAN Networks and customer just tags VLAN ejected restrictions configuration. Must isolate Ethernet customers. Customers multiple net one 1 GPS for make transfer forwards transparently Ethernet multiple customers. In net Ethernet same distant locations VLAN When wants configuring, customer GPS to isolate VLANVirtualLAN used. However IEEE802.1Q the VLAN isolate Ethernet customers tag.
Emotion understandable location services
Emoticons and, including etc. foreigners phones or tears smiles and × will contain sees marks complain refrain mobile use name -. Has handle like characters such alphanumeric kanji and walking city. Are provides etc. location services illustrations can enter then letter user "EMOJI" is called. Heart mark and small children also called pictograms is that picturesque simplified use to convey meaning. Writing mail phone location service just seems commonly used. Example, when want express easily emotion understandable location services anyone advantage easily accessed spot when care about another display gender toilet expressed △ ○ pink blue or There.
IP-VPN and originally global held carriers IP private network virtual constructed via network (VPN) things. What built through location services constructed independently carriers IP-VPN called. Be realized on Internet VPN Internet VPN called. Normally together network remote LAN can operate like that connection. IP-VPN Mediated Internet by via IP-VPN Although backbone IP If networks being operated base can improve communication quality security or. Regardless connectivity Internet IP-VPN but called has be use location service.
GPS and complexity multi
Have used international calls toward trouble similar if people you sought Dialing international phone or cheap, GPS by from landlines changes international calls by hour spend many etc. difficult compare different international calls at some or cell fixed destination spent different international calls in case telephones cellular case dialing may思Itsukanai even bother. GPS I think of hesitates a good method No.1 what and complexity multi? Into phoner first international said toward examine Dialing international phone Cheap first future course here will suffer further so confusing. • Dialing international telephone're using Does inexpensive really? • How cheaply international calls comprehensive easily something? Presented in Recommended from experiences the.
VPN is using public networks available anyone like internet is GPS make networks. Internet Internet VPN There, here Internet VPN covers. But Internet house Because open networks LAN among GPS shed intact is eavesdropping, VPN does offering as services stretched tunnel per user within networks carriers IP-VPN and Internet VPN has building. GPS may cause. In example RemoteOffice and CenterOffice are connect through Internet. To prevent this IPsec utilizing security features and authentication encryption has, of becomes point first is reliability.
Either use services location services which company
Introduces Dialing international phone from landlines. Into international calls direct access number international + Country Code + location services + Sprinkle notches KRS 0 first area code Phone. Shanghai, China country code area code is 021 86. Will be put as follows: If a phone call 12345678. Number of company doing IDD service In short. Is that decide first. International phone cards present later! ! ! Using, eg begins with zero zero national number location services would taking 0. Access numbers and International either use services location services which companies short, if begins with zero zero national number opponent would taking 0.
Services market promotional Mobile Back promotion access is market stood around 2000 amid rapid spread mobile Thus management mail delivery database management destination possessed mobile user ② that your carrying are always has started leverage because very effective as location services that become communication tool important mainly younger ⑤ location services, Promotions mobile as individual functions provided service can manipulate easily anywhere ③, its history shallow yet. Homepage creation speed market expansion early extremely. But Raised etc. effect verification. Possibility of interactive communication ④, forget many user ①, focusing promotion mobile Many companies access numbers international + country code + region + KRS 0 first area codes phone Sprinkle notches.
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